Md Taherul Islam Munna

Is it very....? than..... Avoid saying very....  just say....

Hi,  Dear Learner, Would you like to learn how to make sentences using easy methods? Yeah, In this lesson you will learn making sentences using easy methods & format. So, let's have a look. ✪ Little by little (ক্রমান্বয়ে) The patient is getting well little by little. রোগীটি ক্রমান্বয়ে সুস্থ হচ্ছে।  ✪ On my part (আমার তরফ থেকে)  It is a little gift for you on my part. এটা আমার তরফ থেকে আপনার জন্য ছোট একটা উপহার।  ✪ This very man (এই লোকটিই) This very man is real hypocrite. এই লোকটিই সত্যিকারের ভন্ড।  ✪ Come what may (যাই ঘটুক ন কেন)  Come what may, I will work for my country till the end. যাই ঘটুক না কেন, আমি আমার দেশের জন্য শেষ পর্যন্ত কাজ করবো।  ✪ For good (চিরতরে) Nishad left the house for good. নিশাদ চিরতরে বাড়িটি ত্যাগ করেছে।  ✪ Get away – (পার পাওয়া) You won’t get away more. তুমি আর পার পাবে না।  ✪ How so- (তা কি করে হয়) You won’t be able to do the work, how so? তুমি কাজটি করতে পারবে না, তা কি করে হয়?  ✪ I...

Why are some people more successful than others? Why some feel accomplished while others feel like they are stuck in career rut? The answer is – their vocabulary. Though, granted, your vocabulary is heavily dependent on your mentality and the way you see your life, both personal and professional. Here are the things you will probably never hear successful people say and the reasons why that’s the case: It’s impossible! “This can’t be done” is just not in their DNA. Successful people know that there is always a solution to any problem. Sometimes you’ll have to get creative, but there is no such thing as impossible. And when the goal seems too huge to accomplish, they tackle it in little pieces – they know that a lot of small steps eventually lead you to the top of the highest mountain. I don’t care! Passion, on the other hand,  is  in their DNA. You will never hear innovators say “I hate my job!” or “I don’t care!” If you don’t have this key ingredient – passion coup...

Some common idiomatic expressions Here is a list of some common idiomatic expressions. Lose one’s cachet To lose one’s cachet is to lose the respect one used to enjoy. The business has lost some of its cachet. A piece of cake If something is a piece of cake it can be achieved easily. The interview was a piece of cake. I know I will get the job. Sell like hot cakes If something sells like hot cakes, it is sold quickly and in large amounts. Her latest book is selling like hot cakes. Call for Call for means demand for or need for. There is little call for pagers. Call something off To call something off is to cancel an event or agreement. Julie has called off her engagement to Martin. Call on To call on somebody is to turn to them for help. Call the shots / Call the tune When you call the shots, you control a given situation. It is my wife who calls the shots at home. On call When somebody is on call, they are available to provide a service if necessary. Give some...

Some Important Confusing Words Accept - গ্রহন করা- I can not accept your proposal. Except- ব্যতীত- Everybody attended the meeting except him. Advise- উপদেশ দেওয়- Father advised me to take up Economics. Advice- উপদশে - The boy will not take any advice. Altar- বেদী- The goat was sacrificed on the altar. Alter- পরিবর্তন- Nothing in the question paper is to be altered. Beach-সমুদ্র কূল- It is alawys a joy to roam about a sea-beach. Bitch- কুকুরী- The Bitch gave birth to a little one. Bank-তীর- Hakim was wandering on the bank of the river. Bunk- ট্রেনে ঘুমাইবার স্থান- I found on bunk in the train. Bone-হাড়- The doctor set back the displaced bone in position. Bane-অপকার- The banes of our civilisation loom large today. Boon- আশীর্বাদ- The westem culture brought us many boons. Born- জাত- A baby was bron to her. Borne- বাহিত- Beware of water borne diseases. Canvass- ভোট প্রার্থনা করা- The chairman is canvassing  in his village. Canvas- মোটা কাপড়- Our country produces a good...

MISUSED FORMS 1.Insist  on + -ing. Dont't say: He insisted to go to London. 2. Object to: + -ing. Don't say: I object to be treated like this. Say: I object tobeing treated like this. 3. Prevent form + -ing. Don't say: The rain prevented me to go. Say: The rain prevented me in from going. 4. Succeed in + -ing. Don't say: He succeeded to gain the prize. Say: He succeeded in gaining the prize. 5. Think of + ing. Don't say: I often think to go to England. Say: I often think of going to England. 6. Tired of + -ing. Don't say: The customer grew tired to wait. Say: The customer grew tired of waiting. 7. Used to + -ing. Don't say: She is used to get up early. Say: She is used to getting up early. (c) After certain verbs: 8. Avoid + -ing. Don't say: You can't avoid to make mistakes. Say: You can't avoid making mistakes. NOTE. Also "can't help" ( can't avoid): as, "I can't help laughing." ...

A bad workmen quarrels with his tools.নাচতে না জানলে উঠান বাঁকা । A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.গাছের দশটা থেকে পাতের একটাই ভাল । A burnt chilld always fears fire.ন্যাড়া একবারই বেলতলা যায় ।/ঘরপোড়া গরু সিঁদুর মেঘ দেখরলে ভয় পায় । A cat has nine lives.কই মাছের প্রান শক্ত । A cat loves fish but is loath to wet her feet.ধরি মাছ না ছুঁই পানি  । A drpwning man catches at a straw.ডবত্ন মানুষ খড়কুটো পেলেও আঁকড়ে ধরে । A little learning is a dangerous thing.অল্পবিদ্যা ভয়ঙ্কারী । A stitch in time saves nine.সময়ের এক ফোঁড়, অসময়ের দশ ফোঁড় । A tree is known by its fruit.ফলেই পরিচয় । Adversity often leads to prosperity.দুর্ভাগ্যই অনেক স্তানে সৌভাগ্যের মূল । After cloud comes fair weather.দু:খের পর সুখ আসে । After death comes the doctor.চোর পারারে বুদ্ধি বাড়ে । After meat comes the mustard.নুন আনতে পান্তা ফুরায় । After sweetmeat comes sauce.যত হাসি তত কান্না । All covet, all lost.অতি লোভে তাঁতি নষ্ট । All feet tread not in one shoe.নানা মুনির নানা মত । All his geese a...

প্রয়োজনীয় কিছু বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ Moral (মোরাল) - নৈতিক Immoral (ইম্মোরাল) - অবনৈতিক Always(অলওয়েজ) - সবসময়  Never(নেভার) - কখনও না Grateful(গ্রেটফুল) - কৃতজ্ঞ Ungrateful (আনগ্রেটফুল)-অকৃতজ্ঞ Pleased(প্লিজড) - খুশী হওয়া Displeased (ডিসপ্লিজড) - অখুশী হওয়া Real(রিয়েল) - আসল Unreal (আনরিয়েল) - নকল Solvent (সলভেন্ট) - ঋণমুক্ত Insolvent (ইনসলভেন্ট) - দেউলিয়া Honour (অনার) - মর্যাদা Dishonour (ডিসঅনার) - অমর্যাদা Wise (ওয়াইজ) - জ্ঞানী Unwise(আনওয়াইজ) – মূর্খ Literate(লিটারেট) - শিক্ষিত Illiterate (ইললিটারেট) - নিরক্ষর Willing (উইলিং) - ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে Unwilling (আনউইলিং)-অনিচ্ছাকৃতভাবে Guide(গাইড) - ঠিকভাবে পরিচালনা করা Misguide (মিসগাইড) - ভুলভাবে পরিচালনা করা Barren (ব্যারেন) - অনুর্বর Fertile(ফার্টাইল) - উর্বর Blunt (বান্ট) - ভোঁতা Sharp (শার্প) - তীক্ষ্ম Bright (ব্রাইট) - উজ্জ্বল Dim (ডিম) - স্তিমিত Care(কেয়ার) - যত্ন Neglect (নেগলেক্ট) - অবহেলা Confess(কনফেস) - স্বীকার করা Deny(ডেনাই) - অস্বীকার করা Admire(অ্যাডমায়ার) - প্রশংসা করা Despise (ডেসপাইস) - ঘৃণা করা Humble(হাম্বল) - নম্র ...

The Ploughman and Fortune Once, there was a Ploughman who lived in the village. He ploughed the land by turning over soil with his plough. He earned his living by ploughing the fields of the farmers of the village. However, the Ploughman was very poor, since he could not earn enough money. Thus, he worked harder and longer on the fields.One day, the Ploughman was ploughing a farmer’s field. Suddenly, his plough hit something hard in the soil and made a ‘clang’ sound. As he dug further, he an old chest buried in the soil. He pulled the chest out and opened it. There was a huge treasure in the chest! Now the Ploughman was very happy, for he had finally found a lot of money. The Ploughman bent on his knees and said, “Thank you Mother Earth!Thank you for gifting me this treasure!” Suddenly, Goddess Fortune appeared before him and said, “O Ploughman! You are thanking Mother Earth because you found your fortune in the soil. If you had lost your fortune, you would have blamed me for taking...

On a hot summer day, a Bald Man was sitting in his sweet shop. A lot of flies were buzzing around the tasty, tempting sweets to sit on them. The Man thought to himself, ‘I must not let any fly sit on the sweets or my sweets will get spoilt and then who would buy them?’ So, he constantly moved his hands left and right and up and down to fly them away.A Fly saw this and sat on the bald head of the Man and bit it. The Bald Man got out and slapped his head in order to kill the Fly. The Fly at once flew from the Man’s head and said mockingly, “Stupid Man! You tried to kill me for just biting you. Look! You hurt yourself by slapping your own head hard.” The Man said to the Fly, “I did not hit myself intentionally, so I am not feeling bad. But you are a very bad Fly. You suck human-blood and trouble them for no reason. I am ready to suffer a bigger loss than hitting myself if I can just kill you!” You will only injure yourself if you try to hurt your worthless enemies.

Story : A Father learns A Lesson from His Son This Short Story A Father learns A Lesson from His Son is quite interesting to all the people. Enjoy reading this story. Velan was a carpenter. He was living in a village. His mother dies a long time back. His aged father, Kuppan, lived with Velan. Kuppan was very weak. He could not even walk well. He was so weak. It was because Velan did not give him enough food. He had given his father a small earthen plate. Even a small quantity of rice in the plate appeared to be much. Velan was a bad man. He was a drunkard also. After taking drinks, he abused his father badly. Velan had a son. His name is Muthu. Muthu was just ten years old. He was a very good boy. He loved his grandfather. He had great respect for his grandfather. He did not like his father’s attitude and character, because his father was treating his grandfather cruelly. One day Kuppan was eating his food out of earthen plate that his son had given to him. The earthen plate fell...

To be a good speaker or a good English writer need Quality Not Quantity It is not uncommon to hear that it is not the quantity of time that we spend with our families but the quality that matters. Just think about it, is it really true? Supposing you went to the best restaurant in town where they gave you white-glove service with cutlery from England, crockery from France, chocolates from Switzerland, and on and on. You picked up the gold plated menu and ordered a dish of barbecued chicken. The waiter within minutes brought back a small cube of the most deliciously prepared chicken. You ate it and asked, "Is that all I am going to get?" The waiter replied, "It is not the quantity but the quality that matters." You said that you are still hungry and he gave you the same reply. I hope the message is clear. Our families need both, quality and quantity. MEANINGLESS GOALS A farmer had a dog who used to sit by the roadside waiting for vehicles to come around. As soon...

An ancient Indian sage was teaching his disciples the art of archery. He put a wooden bird as the target and asked them to aim at the eye of the bird. The first disciple was asked to describe what he saw. He said, "I see the trees, the branches, the leaves, the sky, the bird and its eye.." The sage asked this disciple to wait. Then he asked the second disciple the same question and he replied, "I only see the eye of the bird." The sage said, "Very good, then shoot." The arrow went straight and hit the eye of the bird. What is the moral of the story? Unless we focus, we cannot achieve our goal. It is hard to focus and concentrate, but it is a skill that can be learned. On the journey to life's highway, keep your eyes upon the goal. Focus on the donut, not upon the hole. On July 4, 1952, Florence Chadwick was on her way to becoming the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel. She had already conquered the English Channel. The world was watching. Cha...

We should realize the necessity of the creation of human being. as we are the best creation of god so.... Have you ever wondered why some people never reach their goals? Why they are always frustrated with reversals and crises? Why is it some people have continued success, while others have endless failures? Anyone who has accomplished anything worthwhile has never done so without discipline, whether in sports, athletics, academia or business. People without discipline try to do everything, but commit themselves to nothing. Some so-called liberal thinkers have interpreted lack of discipline as freedom. When I am in an aircraft I want a pilot who is disciplined and does what he is supposed to do and not what he feels like doing. I don't want him to have the philosophy, "I'm free. I don't want anyone from the control tower telling me what to do."Lack of consistency is poor discipline. Discipline takes self-control, sacrifice, and avoiding distractions and temptati...

The Best Ways to Learn English: 1. Don't fear to start conversation. 2. Ask for apology beforehand if you think you may make mistakes. 3. Don't show excuse of the environment. You have to create it. 4. You are supposed to make mistakes as a beginner. So, take it easy. 5. Always be internally charged to learn and use English in your created world of English. 6. You know a lot of words. And try to add one or two a day. 7. Copy the best speakers. Arrange some LANGUAGE ADDA among your friends. 8. Watch English Movies and learn some good expressions and of course use them with your friends. 9. Don't suffer from inferiority complex. You are a super human being. You were born to succeed. 10. And finally, love this great language: ENGLISH. ♥ ♥ ♥ There really are no words to express gratitude for all you have done for me. You gave me strength. You made me a good teacher. You inspired me to be a better human being. I consider myself lucky to have you as my mentor. ♥ ♥...

A article from my boss Islam’ ,what does it mean to me? By Yeasir Ahmed Milan ‘Islam’—means to me bountiful blessings from the Creator of the universe for His creations. It is the only divine religion of the supremely powerful Allah, and guidance to the humanity. Islam professes monotheism. The followers of Islam, the Muslims, surrender to the will of God. Islam considers equality to all i.e. all Muslims are equal before the Creator, provides the basis for a collective sense of loyalty to Allah tha t transcends class, race, nationality, and even differences in religious practices. All Muslims belong to one community, the Ummah, irrespective of their ethnic or national background. Islam is realistic which makes the followers accountable and responsible about what they do and undoubtedly their actions will be judged in the Day of Judgment. The only constitution of Islam is the QURAN, the ultimate words of Allah, which is simple, understandable, and conceivable. Muhamm...

কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সংক্ষিপ্ত শব্দের পূর্ণরূপ- . 1. NEWS = North, East, West, South. . 2. Chess = Chariot, Horse, Elephant, Soldiers. . 3.Joke = Joy of Kids Entertainment. . 4. Aim = Ambition in Mind. . 5. Date = Day and Time Evolution. . 6. Eat = Energy And Taste. . 7. Tea = Taste And Energy Admitted. . 8. Pen = Power Enriched in Nib. . 9. Smile = Sweet Memories In Lips Expression. . 10. DRAMA= Dumb Retard Asking for More Attention. . 11. NO= Next Opportunity. . 12. Bye = Be with You Every time. ✪ ইংরেজি সাহিত্যের প্রথম মহাকাব্য হল- Beowulf ✪ ইংরেজি গদ্যের জনক – John Wyclif ✪ শেক্সপিয়র জন্মগ্রহণ করেন-১৫৬৪ সালে ✪ শেক্সপিয়র মৃত্যুবরণ করেন- ১৬১৬ সালে ✪ শেক্সপিয়র নাটক লিখেছেন – ৩৭ টি। ✪ William Wordsworth এর উপাধি হল- The Poet of Nature. ✪ John Keats এর উপাধি হল- The Poet of Beauty. ✪ John Milton এর উপাধি হল- English Epic Poet. ✪ George Orwell এর মূল নাম হল- Eric Arthur Blair ✪ George Eliot এর মূল নাম হল-Mary Ann Evans. ✪P.B. Shelley কে Oxford Univers...

সহজে ইংলিশ শিখুন - ✮ আমাকে ব্যাখ্যা করতে দাও - Let me explain. . ✮ তুমি সীমা ছাড়িয়ে যাচ্ছো - You are crossing the limit. . ✮ জীবন উপভোগ করো - Enjoy your life. . ✮ অহংকারী হইও না - Don't be egoist. . ✮ আমি সন্তুষ্ট - I am satisfied. . ✮ আমাকে শেষ করতে দাও - Let me finish. . ✮ আমাকে কখনও ভুলো না - Please never forget me. . ✮ তৈরি হও - Please be ready. . ✮ বেশি কথা বলো না - Don't talk too much. . ✮ সাহসী হও - Be brave. . ✮ উদ্ধমী হও - Be enthusiastic. . ✮ মোটেও না - Not at all. . ✮ আমার কথা শুনো - Listen to me. . ✮ তোমার দিন শুভ হোক - Good day to you. . ✮ কিছু মনে করো না - Please never mind. . ✮ আমাকে অনুসরণ করো - Follow me. . ✮ পিতামাতাকে শ্রদ্ধা করো - Respect your parents. ইংলিশ শিখুন - ✮ আমাকে ব্যাখ্যা করতে দাও - Let me explain. . ✮ তুমি সীমা ছাড়িয়ে যাচ্ছো - You are crossing the limit. . ✮ জীবন উপভোগ করো - Enjoy your life. . ✮ অহংকারী হইও না - Don't be egoist. . ✮ আমি সন্তুষ্ট - I am satisfied. . ✮ আমাকে শেষ করতে দাও - Let me ...

Access, antidote, belong, prefer, approach, attach, attentive, disliking, dislike, key, due, harmful, hostile, obedient, objection, addicted, refer, lead, submission, temptation   after these words add to Education is key      to      success. Papers are attached     to    this prayer Doubt, Assure, Sure, Failure, Information, Observe, want, Proof , if these words comes before any noun or pronoun then add of between the N/P and the words  I amsure      of        Lima`s success. There  is no doubt       of      Foysal`s merit`s. Access, antidote, belong, prefer, approach, attach, attentive, disliking, dislike, key, due, harmful, hostile, obedient, objection, addicted, refer, lead, submission, temptation if these words comes before any noun or pronoun then add to between the N/P and the words. Education is key      ...

' In a pickle' To be ‘in a pickle’ means to be in a difficult situation with no easy solution. This is one of the phrases that came from William Shakespeare’s plays. ‘I am not sure whether to go to the meetings or finish my work. I am in a pickle!’ ‘Her car tyre burst and she's stuck on the freeway. She’s in a real pickle and needs help.’ This phrase was used in the play ‘The Tempest’. When to use 'do' and 'does ' We use ‘do’ with the pronouns 'I', 'we', 'you' and 'they'. ‘They do their shopping on Saturday.’ ‘Do we have to wait for the bus?’ ‘I do my homework straight after school.’ We use ‘does’ with third person singular pronouns: 'he', 'she' or 'it'. ‘Does she work late every night?’ ‘He does the cleaning on the weekend.’ ‘Does it always rain here?’ To ' burn out ' can mean to become very tired because of working too hard and for too long without a break. This i...

Comparing things When comparing two things, we use comparative adjectives. 'Higher' is an example of a comparative adjective. 'Investing in machines involves a higher cost than hiring more staff.' We often use 'than' for the option that is being compared. Remember for words of longer than two syllables, we use 'more' for the comparative. For example, hiring more people is 'more expensive'. Another way of comparing two ideas is to use linking words such as 'but' ,'although' and 'however'. 'Automation is expensive, but it's more efficient.' 'Although automation is expensive, it's more efficient.' 'Automation is expensive, however it's more efficient.' Can you think of some examples? How do you talk about something that is  possible and impossible? This is called describing likelihood and we can use words such as: - Unlikely - Possible - Probable - Certain ...

Have you seen any words on social media that you don't understand? Here are some useful words to know: 'What's trending' The word ‘trending’ refers to a measure of popularity. If a word or topic is 'trending' it is being talked about on social media. ‘Pictures of cute cats are trending online right now!’ ‘The hashtag ‪#‎ epicfail‬ is so popular with social media users that it is always trending.’ When something is widely shared on the internet and quickly becomes popular, we can say it has 'gone viral’. Videos, pictures or posts 'go viral' when many people like and share them. This comes from the idea that popular pieces of information are spread as quickly as an infectious disease, or virus, like the common cold. ‘The video of my dog doing tricks has gone viral.’ ‘His speech on equality was so moving, it went viral.'

Talking about your job is common when we meet someone. When we talk about what we do for a living, we start by saying: 'I'm a...' 'I work in a....' 'I work for a....' Here are some examples: 'I'm an English teacher.' 'I work in a school.' 'I work for a big company.' So what do you say when you want to talk about why you love your job?

When do we use 'look', 'see' or 'watch'? This post  tells you what you need to know about these words. When you see something it is not deliberate .When you open your eyes you see. You want to see it To look is to see something intentionally. He is looking at something he likes. We are all looking at the frog When you watch something you look at it for a period of time . They are watching movie on tv Hello there :) Besides/ apart from/ except * 'BESIDES' means 'in addition to'. For instance, what other sports do you like besides football? * 'EXCEPT' means 'without'. For instance, I like all sports except football. * 'APART FROM' expresses both these meanings. For instance, what other sports do you like apart from football? I like all other sports apart from football. Hope that helps :)

Rise or raise? Let's find out how to use these verbs! Rise and raise both mean to go up Generally things rise by themselves Hat air rises The Sun rises But someone has to raise something Raise your glass Raise your hands • Artist – শিল্পী, - Artisan – কারিগর। • Canvass – ভোট প্রার্থণা করা, - Canvas – মোটা কাপড়। • Compliment – শ্রদ্ধা, - Complement – পরিপূরক। • Crops – শস্য, - Corps – সৈন্যদল। • Cannon – কামান, - Canon – নিয়ম। • Calendar – দেওয়াল পঞ্জিকা, - Calender – ইস্ত্রি। • Cast – নিক্ষেপ করা, - Caste – জাতি। • Diary – দিনপঞ্জি, - Dairy – গোয়াল। • Fair – মেলা, - Fare – ভাড়া। • Quite – সম্পূর্ণ, - Quiet – শান্ত। • Refuse – অস্বীকার করা, - Refuge – আশ্রয়। • State – রাষ্ট্র, - Estate – সম্পত্তি। • Sell – বিক্রয় করা, - Sale – বিক্রয়। • Wonder – বিস্ময়, - Wander – ভ্রমণ করা। • Zealous – আগ্রহী, - Jealous – ঈর্ষান্বিত। more........ .......

What is a hashtag and when do we use it? A ‘hashtag’ is the '#' symbol on your keyboard. In the social media world, hashtags are used to describe the general topic of a tweet or post. For example: ‪#‎ learnenglish‬ ‪#‎ iloveenglish‬ Or when there are major events people are talking about: ‪#‎ IWD2016‬ (International Women’s Day 2016) ‪#‎ rio2016‬ (Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics) Hashtags may be useful as when you search for a particular topic or event you can find all social media posts related to it, and see how others are responding. Initially used on Twitter, hashtags are becoming more popular on Facebook and Instagram as well.

'Set up' To 'set up' can mean to prepare. 'We're setting up early and we're going for the whole day.' 'The organisers decided to set up once they were allowed into the hall.' Can you think of more examples? Watch the video for some clues  Invite' Invite' is another example of a homograph - a group of words with the same spelling but they are pronounced differently and have different meanings. To invite someone is to ask them to come to an event. In this case it is used as a verb. 'She invited a lot of people to dinner on her birthday.' 'You can't invite everyone.' An 'invite' is another word for invitation. In this case it is used as a noun. 'Have you got an invite?' 'I got an invite to the wedding.' 'conflict' Here's another one - the word 'conflict': A 'conflict' is a dispute or a fight. In this case, it is a noun. 'I try to avoid confl...

সংক্ষেপে The এর ব্যবাহার The ব্যবহার করতে হবে oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs এবং plural lakes the Atlantic, the Grate Lakes mountains or mountain range the Rocky, the Andes earth,  moon the earth, the moon schools, college, universities when the phrase begins with school, ect. The University of Florida Ordinal numbers before nouns the third chapter certain countries or groups of countries with more then one word (except Great Britain) the United States Famous books, holy books, newspaper The Bible, The Iliad. historical documents the Magne Carta ethnic groups the Indians wars (except world) the Korean War Famous Building. The Empire State Building. Rivers, Desert, Directions. The ব্যবহার করলে ভুল হবে singular lakes Lake Geneva, Lake Erie mounts Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley planets, constellations Venus, Mars, Earth, Orison. schools, college, universities when the phrase begins with a proper nouns Santa Fe Community College. cardinal numbers aft...